Tag Archives: brain

On Being Overwhelmed

I haven’t been blogging because I haven’t known what to say.

I still don’t.

There are multiple conversations in culture that demand attention (just cruise your Flipboard for awhile), and to most of them, I simply say this:  I don’t know the answers to the questions we’re facing.

But not long ago, I read a post over at Stephen Pressfield’s blog that accused folks like me of simple cowardice.  Ouch.  To be an artist is to choose a point of view and go after it.    To sit on the fence on anything is to have a yellow streak.  Choose what you think and get on with it.  The writer went on to say that if you don’t choose where you stand on issues, you won’t have anything to say. There’s also the famous enjoinder that reminds us that all it takes for evil to triumph in the world is for good people to do nothing.

And this blog has been silent.

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I can’t tell if I’m experiencing a storm, a carnival, or some variation of the two.  A storm-like carnival, a carnival in a storm, or a carnival-like storm…who knows?  All I know is that there’s a lot of stuff—dark and beautiful—whirling around.  And we’re all pointing and saying, “Look at that!”  Not only “Look at that” but also, “Let me tell you the truth about that.”   I watch smart, articulate people I know hold court among friends conversing on a particular topic, and as they speak with conviction and clarity, I wonder, “Why aren’t you as overwhelmed as I am?”

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Here’s what’s whirling in our carnival storm: theology, philosophy, biblical studies, world religion, archeology, symbology, psychology, biology, physics, economics, sociology, neurology and brain studies, sexuality, politics, issues of justice, entertainment, creativity, art, ecology, fiction and literature, poetry, theatre, music, popular mass media, media criticism, history, aesthetics, phenomenology, and…the list goes on.

To say it more simply, what’s whirling are our ideas about what it means to be human, and just what it is that constitutes “the good.”

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A conversation with a very smart friend of mine recently reminded me that I have traveled further down the postmodern path than I ever thought I would.  He mused that perhaps the kind of Christian you became might depend on whether you read the book of Hebrews before you read the book of Romans, or the other way around.  We were talking about atonement theories (exactly how Christ’s crucifixion paves the way for reconciliation with God), and his simple statement reflected my current thinking that so much of what (and how) we think and feel is determined by more factors than we can get our heads around.   It can be as simple as the order in which you encounter bits of information that you eventually come to hold as your most sacred thoughts.

Genetics, the nurture of our family of origin, the specific time of history into which we are born, our economics, our social circles, our exposure to ideas in all domains of human learning and enterprise, our various degrees of intelligence and giftedness, our educational opportunities, our emotional structures and the various ways in which all these lenses are put together to create dynamically changing ways in which we see the world.   And finally, add to it the notion that we are story-telling creatures by nature, and that the brain may not care whether the stories are true or not, and suddenly, deciding where to put your feet down becomes a bit dicey.

All this is to say that the latest version of what one colleague once termed my “ongoing tortured self” (“If Jeff isn’t tortured about something, he isn’t Jeff”) feels more serious than most.   If all those categories of human activity and study listed above are thought of tectonic plates…well, you know what happens when tectonic plates start shifting.

At the end of the day, the starting place is simply this: we are limited, and what we know will always be dwarfed by what we don’t know.   There isn’t much to do about that.  It’s in the design of things.  That is not to say we can’t know anything—there are in fact, amazing things to know and be sure of, but that list of “knowable” things is, in itself, mysterious, and up for much debate.    Will I ever know anything with enough certainty that I will shout down those who disagree with veins popping in my neck?

I doubt it.

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I begin each day with a meditation on the nature of God, and as Peter Rollins reflects on in How (Not) to Speak of God, I’ve ended up not wanting to say anything.  He quotes philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in his introduction: “What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence.”   Sometimes the not speaking is about knowing your own ignorance, and sometimes its about awe, but either way, no words will come.

That being said, it’s time to start speaking again, though as always with me, it’s going to be mostly questions asked, not declarations made.

Wondering what inspiration means…

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The Crisis of Knowing How We Know: Postscript

There’s knowledge, and there’s faith.

A final salvo in my rumination about epistemology, or the study of knowledge, and knowing how we know.

Those things that require faith cannot, by definition, be proven to be true in the sense that epistemology demands if a thing is to be counted as “knowledge.”  Faith, by definition, is all about our relationship to things unseen and unmeasured.   We still use the word “know” if reference to things of faith.   By faith we say, “I know I can do it.”  (By which we mean, the outcome we want will occur, which we frankly do not “know” at all.)   By faith we say, “I know Christ.”  (Again, this is not “knowledge” in the sense we’ve been exploring.  And to say that should not cause us alarm, though I can hear people thinking, “I do TOO know that I know it.”  It’s simply acknowledging that the “knowledge” faith brings is a different sort of “knowledge” than that created by empirical data.)  By faith we say, “I know Heaven exists.”  (We have stories and clues, but like Ellie in “Cosmos”, we have no video or voice recordings from the other side.)

And then there’s the knowledge that comes from stories.   It’s a knowledge that’s delivered by one of the basic cognitive moves, that of comparison, more commonly referred as metaphor.  We constantly reference our life experience to find what this moment “is like.”   What is life “like?”  Life is “like” a “man of a social class or race that we don’t like (read Samaritan) on a road accosted by thieves.”  Life is “like” a world called Middle Earth, in which “the smallest of persons” can change the world, even if the only way to do it is to destroy the greatest of evils.   And life is “like” a Southern Civil War reenactor (my play) whose dreams are threatened by a past he’d just as soon forget.

But after we experience a good, brain-altering story telling, what do we “know.”  There is a little “explosion” inside in which a new piece of understanding (that love transcends social class and race, that evil can be overcome, that moral cowardice can have devastating consequences) enters our consciousness.   This new “knowledge” informs our choices of behavior, though of course we do not “know” the truth of the story until we live it into our experience (intentionally overcoming social class and racial prejudices with love, battling evil ourselves, and demonstrating the kind of moral courage that life demands).  And between our “knowing the lesson from the story” and our “knowing the lesson because we’ve lived it” is a bridge that must be walked in faith.

How about this little formula:  Wisdom (or understanding) is knowledge lived out (applied) by faith.

Christ valued the knowledge that comes from stories.   He valued it enough to make it his primary mode of teaching and persuasion.  He was not a Socratic method guy (or was he…someone feel free to instruct me here) nor was the scientific method the knowledge-seeking grammar of his day, nor had he been recently preceded by the Age of Enlightenment, so he did not trust the mind to solve all the riddles of things.   But without doubt, Christ believed that he knew things that no other human knew.  And if, by faith, we believe that the stories concerning the Christ are true, not the least of which is the Resurrection, then he knew something special indeed.

Paul did not say “Whatever does not proceed from knowledge is sin,” but “whatever does not proceed from faith is sin.”

There is not enough time or intelligence or information to gain the knowledge that I need to make complete sense of the complex conundrums that haunt our personal and societal lives.   But somehow, the faith available to us by the gift of God must be enough to allow us to grapple responsibly and vigorously with that truth and knowledge we are able, with our limited resources, to gather.

Bottom line:  complexity and the onslaught of information coupled with the various ways in which our “knowing” anything can be called into question is no excuse for living head-0n into the dilemmas of our day.   We simply must acknowledge that knowledge is incomplete, fallible, and passing away.   But by faith, the pursuit of knowledge–and it’s failures–can be not only survived, but lived out with energy, strength, insight, and service.

This I know…

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Choosing Knowledge: The Crisis of Knowing How We Know – 4

Life is hard. There are winners and losers in real time. When competing for jobs, someone doesn’t get hired. When applying for colleges and grad schools, someone doesn’t get in. When vying for federal funding, someone loses out. When applying for mortgage loans, somebody doesn’t qualify. When plays get submitted to theatres, some are produced, some never see the light of day. When sports teams take the field, be they made up of 5 year olds or 25 year olds, some players demonstrate superior athletic ability, some superior attitude, and some superior distractedness. In most areas of life, the hard news is that some succeed, some fail, and all of us will taste both before we’re done.

Lori Gottlieb, in her Atlantic Monthly article “How to Land Your Kid in Therapy“, worries that we’re pumping our kids too full of the notion that everybody wins all the time. Is it true that everyone can do achieve whatever they set their minds to achieve? Is it true that everyone’s dream is possible? Is “follow your heart” truly the best advice we can give these kids? And what about all the coddling we do, protecting them constantly from the rough and tumble of the world, spending way more energy than parents a generation or two ago warding off threats to our children’s happiness–not threats to their safety, but to their happiness.

In a world where “happy” is not only the goal, but the obsession, the facts of life can be pretty harsh.

I’m a little short on time this morning, so let me just throw this out there. Think about optimism vs. pessimism. There’s not much disputing the thorniness of things. People get sick, jobs go away, money runs tight. The middle class gets squeezed, the richest of the rich gets greedy, and the poor folk get hungry and cold. But brain studies are telling us that an optimistic, positive mental environment produces chemical reactions that are the building blocks for energy and mood elevation that generally accompanies industry and hopeful action. “Realistic” outlooks often lean toward the negative, and negative mental environments create, predictably, chemical reactions that lead to depression, less energy, and “what’s-the-use” thinking. We all know how helpful that is.

Ask yourself: Where is the locus of control in my life of “thought-life” and “knowing?” How do I “see” things, and how did I get that knowledge? Which knowledge is more true–that a given individual is capable of greatness of effort and achievement, or that that same individual bears the particularly harsh burden of their lives, and will therefore likely fail to give full effort and achieve little. Which orientation do we “know” in our “knower?”

Mostly likely, you will include in your answer to the question something like this: “Well, it depends. You have to choose.”

We have to choose what we know. Think about that statement. Doesn’t knowledge arrive after careful consideration, simply emerging from the facts at hand?

We have to choose what we know?

Gottlieb suggests that knowing that everyone is capable of anything may be ruining our kids actual shot at living human lives of actual “good-enough” productivity and old-fashioned, regular happiness.

Dashing off this morning, I realize this is a very light take on what Gottlieb was doing. Parents, it’s a good article. Read it if you have time. Gottlieb is a psychologist and a mother, and she’s not suggesting we start telling our kids they’re actually failures, but is worried that we over-protect and over-coddle, depriving our kids of learning the tougher lessons of dealing with legitimate sufferings of all kinds. I’m reminded of one of my friends that counseled me in the raising of kids. “It’s your job to teach them how to suffer.”

All that said, I’m sticking the positive position in my pocket, and heading out.

Choosing faith, cause knowledge passes away…

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Brain, Free Choice, and the Limits of Knowing: The Crisis of Knowing How We Know – 1

In August 1966, I was seven years old heading into second grade.  My memory of the guy that went up into the tower at the University of Texas to kill a bunch of people is vague, but it’s there.  Turns out, according to David Eagleman’s Atlantic Monthly article “The Brain on Trial“, Charles Whitman knew there was something wrong with him, and that something in his mind and thought-life had changed.  He’d been an average guy with an average life, but that day, he was anything but average.   When it was over, Whitman had killed 13 people, wounded over 30 others, and was dead, shot down by police.   Police then discovered he’d began the rampage by murdering his wife and his mother first.

An autopsy showed Whitman’s intuition that something inside his head had gone wrong was confirmed.   He had a tumor pressing on his amygdala.  And a damaged amygdala means emotional trouble that nobody signs up for, and that anybody will have an extremely difficult time resisting by willpower and making right choices.

I said yesterday that I want to spend the week reflecting on “how we know what we know.”  Eagleman’s article makes an interesting stepping off point because he reasonably, and with a certain balance, asserts that many of our behavioral drives depend heavily on the intricacies of our particular neural makeup.   In other words, our  brains’ ability to make “free will” choices is, to some degree, determined by (and limited by) the particular biology of our individualized circuitry.   Eagleman’s context for this argument is “equal treatment under the law” and the tricky judgments courts must make when faced with folks whose behavior is being driven, to varying degrees, by biological factors that call their blameworthiness into question.

The quote I left you with yesterday starts like this: “Many of us like to believe that all adults possess the same capacity to make sound choices. It’s a charitable idea, but demonstrably wrong. People’s brains are vastly different.”  (emphasis mine.)

Obviously, Eagleman is talking to us about behavior that is on the edge of social acceptance, and therefore “not normal.”  But the implications of the article run deeper.  If the criminal in front of me has frontal lobe damage he did not himself cause, what (or who?) is responsible for his actions?  Himself, or his damaged brain?  Can the core of who we are be separated from our biology?  Where is the “I” located that is being subverted by “my” neural circuitry?   And as brain studies continue to map the astonishing fragility and resilience of our gray matter, proving over and over that what we eat, do, think, and say alters moment by moment the neural pathways that facilitate every aspect of this thought-life we equate with “I” or “me”, it seems obvious to me that our perceived measure of thought-control is not nearly as certain as we think.

Here’s another quote to chew on:

“…we cannot presume that everyone is coming to the table equally equipped in terms of drives and behaviors. And this feeds into a larger lesson of biology: we are not the ones steering the boat of our behavior, at least not nearly as much as we believe. Who we are runs well below the surface of our conscious access, and the details reach back in time to before our birth, when the meeting of a sperm and an egg granted us certain attributes and not others. Who we can be starts with our molecular blueprints—a series of alien codes written in invisibly small strings of acids—well before we have anything to do with it. Each of us is, in part, a product of our inaccessible, microscopic history. 

For some reason, the scripture “work out your salvation with fear and trembling” comes to mind.

The upside of realizing you may not be as much in the driver’s seat as you thought?   How about humility, respect, and responsibility.  Humility toward our own certainty of things, respect for the essential mystery of the other, and a renewed sense of responsibility to take care of this fragile gift of life, so connected to how we care for our “selves”, by which we mean something that cannot exclude our biology.

To underline my point (and making sure I understand it myself) here’s the deal: Our “knowing” is being informed by sources beyond our conscious access and control.  Why we are designed in such fashion, I have no idea.  But my faith is that God knows this very well, and that the startling degree to which our knowing is limited is not a fault, but a gift.

Tomorrow, I’ll talk about brain, mind, and body as it relates to health, healing, and the practice of alternative medicine.   If you want to read the Atlantic Monthly article that I’ll be referencing, it’s called “The Triumph of New Age Medicine.”

Take care of your brain today…

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Thinking about The Placebo Effect

I don’t know much about this, really, but in reading about the brain, science, and belief, it seems clear that somehow human beings are made to be people of faith.   I don’t necessarily mean people of religious faith (although I think were made for that, too…the imago dei, and all that).  I mean that we are made so that what we believe about the smallest of things–the stories we tell ourselves about the world, our relationships, and even our selves in all its various components–matters to how things unfold in the material world.   Faith changes things.

It’s easy to run off the deep end here, but I’m thinking of a couple of things I’ve read recently.  Just this week, Newsweek published an article by Sharon Begley called “The Depressing News About Antidepressants” in which Begley reports that scientists are becoming increasingly convinced that the various drugs people have been taking for over a decade to combat the very real disease of depression don’t work quite like people think.   “Antidepressants work” is the mantra, but studies are showing that as much as 82% of the effectiveness of the drugs can be attributed to the so-called “placebo effect.”   It’s not that these drugs don’t work–what’s coming into question is why.   Is it because they deliver a precise chemical change to the brain, thereby lifting the symptoms related to mood, etc., to acceptable levels?  Or do they work because their patients think they will, thereby causing the body to “do it’s own thing” driven not by the pills, but by the faith in the pills.

Begley’s article is obviously of concern to those who are taking these meds, and Irving Kirsch, one of the scientists driving the increasingly controversial conversation, urges those on these meds not to stop.   Again, antidepressants work.    But again, why?

Then there’s the case of Mr. A, reported in Robert Burton’s interesting book, On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not.   Mr. A was a seventy-six-year old World War II vet who had a five year history of “disabling knee pain.”  To make a long story short, Mr. A was part of a Houston study of 180 people who underwent surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee in which some of the patients received real corrective surgery, and others received “sham” surgery.   “General anesthesia was given”, Burton writes, and “superficial incisions were made in the skin over the knee, but no actual surgical repair was made.”  Mr. A received the “sham” surgery, but somehow, it healed his knee.   He threw away his cane, and became relatively pain free for at least two years following.

There are many stories like this.   What do you make of it?

What I am most interested in is the work of the human mind and brain, the power of story, and the faith design that seems to be a deep part of the imago Dei in each of us.   What does this say about the care with which we must use and build our imaginations?    The placebo effect is, in some fashion, a result of story-telling, and the belief we bring to those stories.

I am not suggesting anything in particular here, as much as simply sharing my ongoing fascination with this human journey, wondering what it means in terms of how best to live, work, and love each day.

Feeling better already…

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